One of the great joys of painting is the ability to choose from a wide array of surfaces.

While we recently covered some key tips for painting on canvas, we wanted to explore another, more complex surface: metal.

Metal (copper, steel, aluminum, etc.), like canvas, has been a beloved surface used by artists for centuries.

For example, when Nicolas Lancret painted Brother Philippe’s Geese in 1736, he used oil on copper. Similarly, Jan Brueghel the Younger created Aeneas and the Sibyl in the Underworld in 1600, also using oil on copper.

As these notable works in the world’s most beloved museums demonstrate, metal is a unique and enduring surface for art.

While we’ll explore the benefits of using metal below, let’s first answer the question you’re likely here for:

How do you paint on metal?

Below, we’ll break it down step by step and provide all the essentials you need to get back into the studio as soon as possible!

Painting On Metal Requires A Squeaky Clean Surface

Depending on where you sourced your metal sheet, this step may or may not be necessary.

If you found your metal in the garage or a local scrap yard, make sure your tetanus shot is up to date. Then, it’s time to clean!

As with any painting surface, starting with a clean base is crucial. This ensures no leftover particles interfere with your painting and helps achieve better results.

We recommend using dishwashing soap (like Dawn or Palmolive) and a rough scouring pad (like Scotch Brite) to remove any buildup. The goal isn’t to make the surface perfectly smooth but to ensure it’s clean.

But What About Rust Build Up?

If you’re working with old scrap metal, you’ll likely encounter rust. While dishwashing detergent and a scouring pad can remove mild debris, rust requires a different approach.

Rust can add dimension to your painting, but when mixed with your medium, it can alter the tone and make the final results look sloppy. To remove rust, use a metal brush to knock off large flakes. A brush with a long handle, like this one, will keep you safe from dust and debris.

When Painting On Metal, You Must Have Ample Tooth

Unless you’re using acrylic (which sticks to almost anything), you’ll need to build up texture on the metal surface. This “tooth” helps the paint adhere and prevents peeling or cracking as it dries.

Use 300-grit sandpaper to create texture, which you can find at any hardware store. For more versatility, consider a variety pack of sandpaper. After sanding, wipe the surface clean with a cloth.

Making Your Surface Ready For Prime Time

While gesso is a popular primer for many surfaces, it’s not suitable for metal. Instead, use self-etching primer.

Self-etching primer contains chemicals like zinc phosphate that bind to the metal and prevent rust. It creates a smooth surface with ample tooth, ensuring your medium adheres properly. Gesso, on the other hand, is prone to peeling and isn’t suitable for archival purposes.

Optional Step: Gesso On Top Of Self-Etching Primer

Some artists prefer to add gesso on top of self-etching primer. While this is fine, be aware that gesso’s white or chalky substance can obscure the unique qualities of the metal. Use gesso sparingly if you plan to showcase the raw metal in your final piece.

Should You Use Oil Or Acrylic On Metal?

The choice between oil and acrylic comes down to personal preference. Oil offers vibrant colors but longer drying times, while acrylic dries faster but may produce slightly darker colors. You can even mix both mediums on a metal surface.

Remember the rule of “fat over lean”: apply gradually thicker layers to prevent peeling or cracking, especially on a rigid surface like metal.

Don’t Use Your Typical Varnish When Painting On Metal

Standard varnish isn’t sufficient for metal, especially if the piece will be exposed to sunlight. Choose a varnish with UV protection to preserve the colors. We recommend Winsor & Newton’s UV varnish, available in gloss, matt, and satin finishes.

Final Thoughts For Painting On Metal

While metal can be a rewarding surface to paint on, the prep work can be demanding. However, if you’re looking to explore new textures and unlock your potential, metal offers unique possibilities. Who knows? You might be the next Nicolas Lancret!